Python怎么運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)命令行
大家知道Python怎么運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)命令行嗎?下面就讓學(xué)習(xí)啦小編教大家Python怎么運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)命令行吧。
Python運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)命令行的方法
一、os.system
# 僅僅在一個(gè)子終端運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)命令，而不能獲取命令執(zhí)行后的返回信息
system(command) -> exit_status
Execute the command (a string) in a subshell.
# 如果再命令行下執(zhí)行，結(jié)果直接打印出來(lái)
>>> os.system('ls')
04101419778.CHM bash document media py-django video
11.wmv books downloads Pictures python
all-20061022 Desktop Examples project tools
二、os.popen
# 該方法不但執(zhí)行命令還返回執(zhí)行后的信息對(duì)象
popen(command [, mode='r' [, bufsize]]) -> pipe
Open a pipe to/from a command returning a file object.
例如：
>>>tmp = os.popen('ls *.py').readlines()
>>>tmp
Out[21]:
['dump_db_pickle.py ',
'dump_db_pickle_recs.py ',
'dump_db_shelve.py ',
'initdata.py ',
'__init__.py ',
'make_db_pickle.py ',
'make_db_pickle_recs.py ',
'make_db_shelve.py ',
'peopleinteract_query.py ',
'reader.py ',
'testargv.py ',
'teststreams.py ',
'update_db_pickle.py ',
'writer.py ']
好處在于：將返回的結(jié)果賦于一變量，便于程序的處理。
三、使用模塊subprocess
>>> import subprocess
>>> subprocess.call (["cmd", "arg1", "arg2"],shell=True)
獲取返回和輸出:
import subprocess
p = subprocess.Popen('ls', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
for line in p.stdout.readlines():
print line,
retval = p.wait()
四、使用模塊commands
>>> import commands
>>> dir(commands)
['__all__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', 'getoutput', 'getstatus','getstatusoutput', 'mk2arg', 'mkarg']
>>> commands.getoutput("date")
'Wed Jun 10 19:39:57 CST 2009'
>>>
>>> commands.getstatusoutput("date")
(0, 'Wed Jun 10 19:40:41 CST 2009')
注意： 當(dāng)執(zhí)行命令的參數(shù)或者返回中包含了中文文字，那么建議使用subprocess，如果使用os.popen則會(huì)出現(xiàn)下面的錯(cuò)誤:
查看源代碼打印幫助
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./test1.py", line 56, in
main()
File "./test1.py", line 45, in main
fax.sendFax()
File "./mailfax/Fax.py", line 13, in sendFax
os.popen(cmd)
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 46-52: ordinal no
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