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    學習啦 > 學習電腦 > 操作系統(tǒng) > Linux教程 > linux中的ping命令的詳細解釋

    linux中的ping命令的詳細解釋

    時間: 佳洲1085 分享

    linux中的ping命令的詳細解釋

      linxu下的ping命令的主要功能就是確定網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀態(tài),下面由學習啦小編為大家整理了linux的ping命令的詳細解釋的相關(guān)知識,希望對大家有幫助!

      一、linux中的ping命令的詳細解釋

      1.命令格式:

      ping [參數(shù)] [主機名或IP地址]

      2.命令功能:

      ping命令用于:確定網(wǎng)絡(luò)和各外部主機的狀態(tài);跟蹤和隔離硬件和軟件問題;測 試、評估和管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)。如果主機正在運行并連在網(wǎng)上,它就對回送信號進行響應。每個回送信號請求包含一個網(wǎng)際協(xié)議(IP)和 ICMP 頭,后面緊跟一 個 tim 結(jié)構(gòu),以及來填寫這個信息包的足夠的字節(jié)。缺省情況是連續(xù)發(fā)送回送信號請求直到接收到中斷信號(Ctrl-C)。

      ping 命 令每秒發(fā)送一個數(shù)據(jù)報并且為每個接收到的響應打印一行輸出。ping 命令計算信號往返時間和(信息)包丟失情況的統(tǒng)計信息,并且在完成之后顯示一個簡要 總結(jié)。ping 命令在程序超時或當接收到 SIGINT 信號時結(jié)束。Host 參數(shù)或者是一個有效的主機名或者是因特網(wǎng)地址。

      3.命令參數(shù):

      -d 使用Socket的SO_DEBUG功能。

      -f 極限檢測。大量且快速地送網(wǎng)絡(luò)封包給一臺機器,看它的回應。

      -n 只輸出數(shù)值。

      -q 不顯示任何傳送封包的信息,只顯示最后的結(jié)果。

      -r 忽略普通的Routing Table,直接將數(shù)據(jù)包送到遠端主機上。通常是查看本機的網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口是否有問題。

      -R 記錄路由過程。

      -v 詳細顯示指令的執(zhí)行過程。

      <p>-c 數(shù)目:在發(fā)送指定數(shù)目的包后停止。

      -i 秒數(shù):設(shè)定間隔幾秒送一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)封包給一臺機器,預設(shè)值是一秒送一次。

      -I 網(wǎng)絡(luò)界面:使用指定的網(wǎng)絡(luò)界面送出數(shù)據(jù)包。

      -l 前置載入:設(shè)置在送出要求信息之前,先行發(fā)出的數(shù)據(jù)包。

      -p 范本樣式:設(shè)置填滿數(shù)據(jù)包的范本樣式。

      -s 字節(jié)數(shù):指定發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)字節(jié)數(shù),預設(shè)值是56,加上8字節(jié)的ICMP頭,一共是64ICMP數(shù)據(jù)字節(jié)。

      -t 存活數(shù)值:設(shè)置存活數(shù)值TTL的大小。

      二、Linux中的ping命令的詳解實例

      實例1:ping的通的情況

      命令:

      ping 192.168.120.205

      輸出:

      Java代碼

      [root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.205

      PING 192.168.120.205 (192.168.120.205) 56(84) bytes of data.

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.720 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.181 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.191 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.188 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.189 ms

      --- 192.168.120.205 ping statistics ---

      5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms

      rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.181/0.293/0.720/0.214 ms

      [root@localhost ~]#

      說明:

      實例2:ping不通的情況

      命令:

      ping 192.168.120.202

      輸出:

      Java代碼

      [root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.202

      PING 192.168.120.202 (192.168.120.202) 56(84) bytes of data.

      From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable

      From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable

      From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable

      From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable

      From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable

      From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable

      --- 192.168.120.202 ping statistics ---

      8 packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 7005ms

      , pipe 4

      [root@localhost ~]#

      說明:

      實例3:ping網(wǎng)關(guān)

      命令:

      ping -b 192.168.120.1

      輸出:

      Java代碼

      [root@localhost ~]# route

      Kernel IP routing table

      Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

      192.168.120.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0

      192.168.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

      10.0.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

      default 192.168.120.240 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

      [root@localhost ~]# ping -b 192.168.120.1

      PING 192.168.120.1 (192.168.120.1) 56(84) bytes of data.

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.02 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.83 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.68 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=1.98 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=1.88 ms

      --- 192.168.120.1 ping statistics ---

      5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms

      rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.682/1.880/2.020/0.129 ms

      說明:

      實例4:ping指定次數(shù)

      命令:

      ping -c 10 192.168.120.206

      輸出:

      Java代碼

      [root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 192.168.120.206

      PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.25 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.260 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.242 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.271 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.274 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.295 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.270 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.253 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.289 ms

      --- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---

      10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9000ms

      rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.242/0.367/1.251/0.295 ms

      [root@localhost ~]#

      說明:

      實例5:時間間隔和次數(shù)限制的ping

      命令:

      ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206

      輸出:

      Java代碼

      [root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206

      PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.24 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.235 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.255 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.264 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.331 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.247 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms

      --- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---

      10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 4499ms

      rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.235/0.362/1.241/0.294 ms

      [root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.01 192.168.120.206

      PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.195 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.219 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.204 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=3.56 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=1.93 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.211 ms

      --- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---

      10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 90ms

      rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.193/0.716/3.564/1.080 ms

      [root@localhost ~]#

      三、Linux中的ping命令知識擴展

      怎樣使用Ping這命令來測試網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通呢?

      •連通問題是由許多原因引起的,如本地配置錯誤、遠程主機協(xié)議失效等,當然還包括設(shè)備等造成的故障。首先我們講一下使用Ping命令的步驟。

      •使用Ping檢查連通性有六個步驟:

      •1.使用ifconfig觀察本地網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)置是否正確;

      •2.Ping127.0.0.1,127.0.0.1回送地址Ping回送地址是為了檢查本地的TCP/IP協(xié)議有沒有設(shè)置好;

      •3.Ping本機IP地址,這樣是為了檢查本機的IP地址是否設(shè)置有誤;

      •4.Ping本網(wǎng)網(wǎng)關(guān)或本網(wǎng)IP地址,這樣的是為了檢查硬件設(shè)備是否有問題,也可以檢查本機與本地網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接是否正常;(在非局域網(wǎng)中這一步驟可以忽略)

      •5.Ping本地DNS地址,這樣做是為了檢查DNS是否能夠?qū)P正確解析。

      •6.Ping遠程IP地址,這主要是檢查本網(wǎng)或本機與外部的連接是否正常。

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