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    學(xué)習(xí)啦 > 學(xué)習(xí)英語 > 英語聽力 > 關(guān)于高中英語構(gòu)詞法的必考考點剖析

    關(guān)于高中英語構(gòu)詞法的必考考點剖析

    時間: 小潔1242 分享

    關(guān)于高中英語構(gòu)詞法的必考考點剖析

      今天小編想和大家分享的是關(guān)于高中英語構(gòu)詞法的必考考點剖析,高三的同學(xué)要特別注意了,接下來就讓我們一起來學(xué)習(xí)一下吧。

      一. 轉(zhuǎn)化法

      在英語中,一個單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種或幾種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫做轉(zhuǎn)化法。

      1. 動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞

      ●Let me have a try.

      讓我試試。

      ●They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.

      在學(xué)校里只準(zhǔn)許他們出售不含酒精的飲料。

      2. 名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞

      ●He shouldered his way through the crowd.

      他用肩膀推開人群前進(jìn)。

      ●The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.

      從廚房傳來的氣味使他流口水。

      3. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞

      ●We will try our best to better our living conditions.

      我們要盡力改善我們的生活狀況。

      ●They tried to perfect the working conditions.

      他們努力改善工作條件。

      4. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞

      ●He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.

      他不辨是非。

      ●The old in our village are living a happy life.

      我們村的老年人過著幸福的生活。

      5. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞

      ●How long have you lived there?

      你在那兒住多久了?

      6. 個別詞在一定場合中可轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞

      ●Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.

      穿暖和的衣服到山區(qū)去是必須的。

      ●Life is full of ups and downs.

      人生有得意時也有失意時。

      ●His argument contains too many ifs and buts.

      他的辯論中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。

      二. 合成法

      由兩個或兩個以上的單詞連在一起合成一個新詞,這種構(gòu)詞法叫做合成法,合成的詞叫做合成詞。合成詞一般看其詞,知其意。

      1. 合成名詞

      ●名詞/代詞+名詞 newspaper blood-test she-wolf

      ●動詞+名詞 typewriter pickpocket daybreak

      ●形容詞+名詞 greenhouse highway

      ●副詞+名詞 overcoat outside

      ●名詞+v.-ing/v.-ing +名詞 handwriting reading-room freezing-point

      ●動詞+副詞/ 副詞+ 動詞 breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome

      ●名詞+介詞+名詞 sister-in-law editor-in-chief

      2. 合成形容詞

      ●名詞+形容詞/形容詞+名詞 world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term

      ●副詞+形容詞 over-anxious evergreen

      ●名詞+過去分詞 man-made sun-burnt

      ●名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 peace-loving English-speaking

      ●形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 good-looking easy-going

      ●副詞+過去分詞 well-informed widespread

      ●副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 hardworking far-reaching

      ●形容詞+名詞+ed warm-hearted absent-minded

      ●數(shù)詞+名詞+ed three-legged ten-storied

      ●數(shù)詞+名詞 one-way five–star

      ●數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞 ten-year-old 800-meter-long

      ●名詞+to+名詞 face –to-face door - to -door

      3. 合成動詞

      ●名詞+動詞 baby-sit sleepwalk

      ●副詞+動詞 outnumber underestimate overwork

      ●形容詞+動詞 whitewash

      4. 合成副詞

      ●形容詞+名詞 meanwhile anyway

      ●形容詞+副詞 everywhere anyhow

      ●副詞+副詞 however

      ●介詞+名詞 beforehand overhead

      ●介詞+副詞 forever

      5. 合成代詞

      ●代詞賓格+self/selves herself themselves

      ●物主代詞+self/selves myself yourselves

      ●形容詞+名詞 anything nothing

      6. 合成介詞

      ●副詞+名詞 inside outside

      ●介詞+副詞 without within

      ●副詞+介詞 into

      三. 派生法

      由一個詞加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞叫做派生法。

      1. 前綴

      除少數(shù)前綴外,前綴一般改變單詞的意義,但不改變單詞的詞性。

      (1)表示否定意義的前綴

      ●un- unhappy unfinished undress

      ●dis- disagree disbelieve

      ●in- [il-(在字母l前),im- (在字母m,b,p前),ir- (在字母r前)] inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular

      ●mis- misbehave mislead mistake

      ●non- nonstop nonsmoker

      (2)表示其他意義的前綴

      ●en- “使……”enrich enlarge encourage

      ●inter- “相互”international intercontinental

      ●re- “再,又,重”rethink retell recycle

      ●tele- “遠(yuǎn)程的”telescope telephone telegraph

      ●auto- “自動的”automatic automobile

      ●co- “共同”coworker cooperate coexist

      ●anti- “反對,抵抗”antiwar antifreeze antinuclear

      ●multi- “多”multistory multicultural multicolor

      ●bi- “雙,二”bicycle bilingual bilateral

      ●micro- “極小的,微小的”microwave microcomputer

      ●over- “太多,過分”overwork overdo overestimate

      ●self- “自己,本身”self-centered self-confident self-control

      ●under- “在……下面,……下的,不足的”underline, underground, underestimate, underrate

      2. 后綴

      (1)形容詞后綴

      ●-able “可……的,具有……的”acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable

      ●-al “與……有關(guān)的”physical, magical, political

      ●-an “屬于某地方的人”American African

      ●-ern “方向”southern, northern, eastern

      ●-ful/ less “(沒)有……的”helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless

      ●-ish “如……的;有……特征的”foolish childish selfish

      ●-ive “有……傾向的”active attractive expensive

      ●-en “由……制成的”golden wooden woolen

      ●-ous “有(性質(zhì))的”famous, dangerous, poisonous

      ●-ly “有……性質(zhì)的”friendly yearly daily

      ●-y “構(gòu)成形容詞”noisy dusty cloudy

      (2)名詞后綴

      ●-er / or “表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container

      ●-ese “某國(人)的”Chinese, Japanese

      ●-ian “某國、某地人;精通……的人”musician, Asian, Russian, technician

      ●-ist “某種主義或職業(yè)者”physicist, scientist, communist,socialist

      ●-ess “表女性,雌性”hostess, actress, princess

      ●-ment “行為或其狀態(tài)”government, movement, achievement

      ●-ness “性質(zhì),狀態(tài)”illness, sadness, carelessness

      ●-tion “動作,過程,結(jié)果”invention, organization, translation

      ●-ance/ ence “抽象;行為、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)”importance, appearance, absence, existence

      ●-th “性質(zhì)、情況” depth, warmth, truth

      ●-ful “(滿的)量”handful, spoonful, mouthful

      ●-(a)bility “抽象、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)”possibility, disability, reliability

      ●-al “過程、狀態(tài)”survival, arrival, approval

      ●-y “性質(zhì)、情況”modesty, delivery, honesty

      ●-dom “處于……狀態(tài);性質(zhì)”freedom, boredom

      ●-age “狀態(tài),行為,身份及其結(jié)果”courage, storage, marriage

      (3)動詞后綴

      ●-fy / ify “使得;變得” simplify, beautify, purify

      ●-en “使成為;變得” shorten, deepen, sadden

      ●-ize “使成為” apologize, realize, specialize

      (4)副詞后綴

      ●-ly “方式,程度” freely, truly, angrily

      ●-ward(s) “向……” towards, forward, upwards

      (5)數(shù)詞后綴

      ●-teen “十幾” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen

      ●-ty “整十位數(shù)” forty, fifty, sixty

      ●-th “序數(shù)詞” twelfth, twentieth

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